How Hurricane Form

Hurricanes are powerful tropical storms that form over warm ocean waters near the equator, where sea surface temperatures are at least 26.5°C (80°F). They develop when warm, moist air rises from the ocean surface, creating an area of low pressure. As the air rises and cools, water vapor condenses into clouds and releases heat, which fuels the storm and causes it to grow stronger. This process continues as long as the storm remains over warm water and encounters little wind shear, allowing it to organize into a rotating system. Due to Earth’s rotation, known as the Coriolis effect, hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. When these conditions align, a tropical disturbance can intensify into a tropical storm and eventually a hurricane, capable of producing strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges that significantly impact coastal regions.

Where did Hurricane Irma originate?

Hurricane Irma began as a tropical wave off the coast of Africa in late August 2017. It traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and developed into a strong hurricane.

When did it strike?

Irma formed in early September 2017 and made landfall in the Caribbean and the United States in mid-September, during the peak of the hurricane season.10 hurricanes, major storms that year included Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Irma, and Hurricane Maria, making 2017 one of the most destructive hurricane seasons in recent history.

What damage did it cause?

Irma caused severe destruction, especially in Florida and the Caribbean.
Some of the major impacts included:

  • Massive flooding

  • Destruction of homes and businesses

  • Power outages affecting millions

  • Severe coastal erosion

  • Loss of life and displacement of residents

  • Economic losses in tourism and agriculture

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